The Dialectics of Islamic Philosophy of History: Speculative, Critical, and Prophetic Epistemology in Modern Historiography

Abstract

This study explores the dialectics of speculative, critical and prophetic philosophy of history and their epistemological implications for modern historiography. The research aims to integrate these three approaches to construct a comprehensive and multidimensional understanding of historical processes. A qualitative-descriptive methodology was employed, involving conceptual, comparative, and hermeneutic analyses of classical and contemporary texts in historical philosophy, including Islamic prophetic perspectives. Findings indicate that speculative philosophy provides macro patterns and overarching historical logic, critical philosophy ensures methodological rigor and empirical validity, and prophetic perspectives contribute normative and ethical dimensions. The integration of these approaches generates a balanced epistemology, enabling accurate, coherent, and meaningful historiographical interpretations. The study contributes to the enhancement of historiographical methodology, ethical historical understanding, and educational practices. Future research is recommended to apply this integrative framework in empirical case studies and multidimensional historical analyses