TAROGAU: Journal of Islamic Studies

The Dialectics of Islamic Philosophy of History: Speculative, Critical, and Prophetic Epistemology in Modern Historiography

Muh.Ilham Majid Dohe — 2026-04-30

This study explores the dialectics of speculative, critical and prophetic philosophy of history and their epistemological implications for modern historiography. The research aims to integrate these three approaches to construct a comprehensive and multidimensional understanding of historical processes. A qualitative-descriptive methodology was employed, involving conceptual, comparative, and hermeneutic analyses of classical and contemporary texts in historical philosophy, including Islamic prophetic perspectives. Findings indicate that speculative philosophy provides macro patterns and overarching historical logic, critical philosophy ensures methodological rigor and empirical validity, and prophetic perspectives contribute normative and ethical dimensions. The integration of these approaches generates a balanced epistemology, enabling accurate, coherent, and meaningful historiographical interpretations. The study contributes to the enhancement of historiographical methodology, ethical historical understanding, and educational practices. Future research is recommended to apply this integrative framework in empirical case studies and multidimensional historical analyses

FIQIH REALITAS UMAR BIN KHATTAB RADHIYALLAHU AN DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM

WIJAYANTI EKA SURYNADARI — 2026-04-30

Penelitian ini mengkaji konsep fiqh al-wāqi‘ dalam ijtihad ‘Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb serta relevansinya dalam hukum keluarga Islam kontemporer. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada kesenjangan antara fiqh normatif klasik dan dinamika sosial modern yang menuntut pendekatan hukum yang kontekstual dan responsif. Studi ini berposisi sebagai upaya rekonstruksi metodologis dengan menjadikan praktik ijtihad Umar sebagai paradigma fiqh berbasis realitas. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana konsep fiqh al-wāqi‘ dirumuskan dalam praktik Umar dan bagaimana aplikasinya dalam isu-isu hukum keluarga seperti talak, hak asuh anak, dan warisan. Pembahasan dilakukan melalui analisis konseptual dan komparatif terhadap literatur klasik dan kontemporer berbasis maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fiqh al-wāqi‘ merupakan pendekatan integratif yang menggabungkan teks dan konteks, serta mampu menjadi dasar reformasi hukum keluarga yang lebih adil, adaptif, dan berorientasi pada kemaslahatan. Dengan demikian, ijtihad Umar tidak hanya relevan secara historis, tetapi juga signifikan sebagai kerangka epistemologis dalam pengembangan hukum Islam modern.

The Perspectives of Indonesian Ulema Council Figures in North Maluku on Pregnancy Marriage Practices

Mirnawati Ali — 2026-04-30

This study examines the perspectives of figures of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) in North Maluku regarding the practice of pregnancy marriage in the community of North West Gane District. The research focuses on the practice of marriage involving women who become pregnant outside of wedlock, its impacts, and the views and fatwas of MUI North Maluku on this issue. Pregnancy marriage is generally influenced by two main factors: internal factors related to individual behavior and external factors shaped by the social environment. This practice has resulted in various negative consequences, affecting women, families, and the wider community. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed inductively based on field findings. The results show that pregnancy marriage is often encouraged by parents to hasten marriage in order to conceal family disgrace. The impacts include psychological pressure, social stigma, and legal as well as religious consequences. MUI figures in North Maluku generally share similar views with classical Islamic scholars, stating that pregnancy marriage is legally valid, whether conducted with the man responsible for the pregnancy or another man, subject to certain conditions, particularly concerning the child’s lineage (nasab) and the timing of the marriage contract. Nevertheless, MUI emphasizes that pregnancy outside of marriage constitutes a major sin requiring sincere repentance and may result in the loss of the biological father’s lineage if the child is born before six months of marriage.

Spousal Maintenance under Imprisonment: The Impact of Unfulfilled Nafkah on Prisoners’ Families in Islamic Law

Mardiyah M. Halil — 2026-04-30

This article examines the fulfillment of a husband’s obligation to provide maintenance (nafkah) to his wife while the husband is serving a prison sentence, from the perspective of Islamic law. The study addresses juridical and social problems faced by prisoners’ families, particularly the husband’s limited capacity to fulfill financial obligations as traditionally constructed in Islamic jurisprudence. This research aims to analyze how Islamic law conceptualizes the obligation of maintenance for an imprisoned husband, identify the impacts of unfulfilled maintenance on prisoners’ families, and examine the role of correctional institutions in maintaining family integrity during imprisonment. This study employs qualitative field research with a descriptive-analytical approach, integrating empirical legal analysis and normative Islamic legal perspectives. Data were collected through interviews with prisoners, prisoners’ wives, and detention center officers, supported by documentation and library research on the Qur’an, Hadith, and Islamic legal literature. The findings show that, normatively, the obligation of maintenance remains attached to the husband under Islamic law, although its implementation is constrained during imprisonment. This condition leads to a shift in family economic roles, with wives assuming primary responsibility for daily financial needs. The impacts extend to economic, social, and psychological dimensions of family life. Nevertheless, husbands may still fulfill non-material maintenance through emotional support, communication, and moral responsibility. From the perspective of mubādalah, marital relations are understood as reciprocal and contextual, without negating the fundamental principle of the husband’s obligation of maintenance.

Manifestations of Social Aspects in the Sirah of the Prophet Muhammad

Omar Aghbalou — 2026-04-30

This article examines the manifestation of social aspects in the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and its relevance to the formation of morally grounded individuals and societies. The findings indicate that the biography of the Prophet Muhammad represents a unique account in human history, as it comprehensively documents all dimensions of human life, encompassing both personal and social aspects. This biography does not neglect any facet of human reality, thereby offering a realistic and applicable exemplary model across various life contexts. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) exemplified the highest standards of moral conduct, noble values, and social ethics, which serve as benchmarks for societal progress and civilization. The study further affirms that moral integrity and noble values constitute the primary indicators of social balance and advancement. The presence of reformers grounded in virtuous principles is a fundamental necessity for the sustainability and well-being of any society. Social reforms that are not founded upon moral principles and noble values are unlikely to produce a sound social order. Furthermore, the reform of belief is understood as the foundational basis for all other forms of reform, as without it, reform lacks substantive value from the perspective of Sharia. Consequently, the well-being of individuals and societies is viewed as the pathway to happiness in both this world and the hereafter, as reflected in righteous conduct and ethical speech.